doubt related to OS

hello guys,
                i have a doubt regarding windows 7 as all the laptop users may be knowing this better than me and help me out..
what i want to ask is when we try to install windows 7 on some system already having some other windows..say windows xp, so windows 7 will replace the windows xp in the system then...will the info in the hard disk remain intact or will that info also get formatted??

this is i talked to someone and he told me that windows 7 needs a bare system for its installation... so just wanted to clarify..

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN i3 , i5 , i7 PROCESSORS

With all of these commercials coming in front of our faces about Intel’s newest line of processors, we can’t help but wonder what in the world the difference is.

This is something that I have been pondering upon and I found out that I wasn’t the only one wondering what on earth Intel has done by releasing these new processors.

 You can thank the coffee on a late night for this post. 

Intel Core i3 Processor

This particular Intel processor is the enter level processor of this new series of Intel processors. While it may not be the fastest one of the bunch, it can get the job done, at least for most applications.

Mind you, if you need high speed, I suggest one of the other processors that I will unveil in front of your eyes later on in this post. Here’s some of the Core i3 features.

• Uses 4 threads. Yes, it uses hyperthreading technology which is the latest craze due to its improved efficiency over earlier processors that were put on the market.
• This processor consists of 2-4 cores, depending on which one you get your hands on.
• Contains A 3-4 MB Cache
• Uses less heat and energy than earlier processors, which is always a good thing in this day and age.

Intel Core i5 Processor

• This is the mid-size processor of this bunch, recommended for those who demand a little speed, but not quite enough where the user will be running resource-intensive applications.
• As with the Core i3 processor, this comes with 2-4 cores, the main difference is that it has a higher clock speed than the Core i3.
• This is also a heat and energy efficient processor, but it does seem to be better at this particular job than the Core i3 processor.
• The number of threads used in this is no different than the Core i3 with 2-4 threads, and it also uses hyperthreading technology for a boost in performance.
• The cache of the Core i5 is bigger than the Core i3, it’s at 3-8 MB.
• The Core i5 is where the turbo mode is made available, this provides users with the opportunity to turn off a core if it’s not being utilized.

Intel Core i7 Processor

• This is for the users that demand power. Great for gamers and other resource intensive users.It suits our IIITD FIFA players.Guess who! 
• The cache on this one is 4-8 MB.
• This processor comes with 8 threads, definitely enough to get the job done quickly, maybe even at the speed of light if you’re lucky.  And yes it also utilizes hyperthreading technology.
• You will have four cores to take advantage of with this particular series.
• And just like the other ones in this Intel series of processors, it is more energy efficient and produces less heat.

I hope this shed some light on these new processors for you! 

Project Summary : Spyware and Keyloggers

Our (N, Anmol and mine) project covered the basics of spyware, keyloggers, cookies and phishing and how they all worked. Spyware is malware that is installed on a computer without the knowledge of the user and which monitors the user's activities while using the computer. Keylogger is software or hardware that keeps a log of all your keystrokes. Cookies are biscuits text files that are stored by websites on your system. They contain info about what you did while on that website. Phishing is a type of identity theft where users are fooled into surrendering personal data like passwords or bank account details. We gave a demonstration of a keylogging software and phishing. The demos were a little botched because we were running out of time. Still, we thankfully managed to finish within the 20mins. It had earlier seemed like we wouldn't be able to. Shayan asked a particularly nasty question, to which I had no answer at that point - What are the extensions of keylogger log files? I did a bit of Googling right now. Log files have the extension ".log" :)

Experience of leading lab session

I led the lab session of week 8 for group 2 in which I covered security options in wireless routers, firewall & setting up wireless routers.It was a great experience.I realized that its not easy to make others listen ourself. It becomes even tougher when there are insufficient resources as there were only 2 laptops to give demonstration. Therefore, we had to explain in subgroups which created a chaos but it also added something different to my experience that how to handle the different situations.

I felt that the training session was quite effective and productive.

I found it easy to cover the topic in given time period because of my peers support & TA’s help.

Altogether,it was a unique experience to lead a lab session on such interesting topics.

So,I would really like to thank Amarjeet sir that he has given us such an opportunity to learn things in a very different and interesting way.

32 and 64 bit versions for Windows 7

The main differences between the 32-bit versions of Windows 7 and the 64-bit versions of Windows 7

Architecture	Windows 7, 32-bit versions	Windows 7, 64-bit versions
System requirements	1-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 64-bit (x64) processor, 512 MB of RAM	1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor, 1 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended)
Memory access	A 32-bit version of Windows 7 can access up to 4 GB of RAM.	A 64-bit version of Windows 7 can access from 1 GB of RAM to more than 128 GB of RAM.
Memory access per edition	All 32-bit versions of Windows 7 can access up to 4 GB of RAM.	Windows 7 Home Basic - 8 GB of RAM Windows 7 Home Premium  - 16 GB of RAM Windows 7 Ultimate - 128 GB of RAM or more
DEP	32-bit versions of Windows 7 use a software-based version of DEP.	64-bit versions of Windows 7 support hardware-backed DEP.
Kernel Patch Protection (PatchGuard)	This feature is not available in 32-bit versions of Windows 7	This feature is available in 64-bit versions of Windows 7. Kernel Patch Protection helps prevent a malicious program from updating the Windows 7 kernel. This feature works by helping to prevent a kernel-mode driver from extending or replacing other kernel services. Also, this feature helps prevent third-party programs from updating (patching) any part of the kernel.
Driver signing	Unsigned drivers may be used with 32-bit versions of Windows 7.	64-bit versions of Windows 7 require that all device drivers be digitally signed by the developer.
32-bit driver support	32-bit versions of Windows 7 support 32-bit drivers that are designed for Windows Vista.	64-bit versions of Windows 7 do not support 32-bit device drivers.
16-bit program support	32-bit versions of Windows 7 support 16-bit programs, in part.	64-bit versions of Windows 7 do not support 16-bit programs.

Back to the top

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 32 AND 64 BIT WINDOWS

The main differences between the 32-bit versions of Windows  and the 64-bit versions of Windows  relate to memory accessibility, memory management, and enhanced security features. The security features that are available in the 64-bit versions of Windows  include the following:

• Kernel Patch Protection
• Support for hardware-backed Data Execution Protection (DEP)
• Mandatory driver signing
• Removal of support for 32-bit drivers
• Removal of the 16-bit subsystem

One of the greatest advantages of using a 64-bit version of Windows  is the ability to access physical memory (RAM) that is above the 4-gigabyte (GB) range. This physical memory is not addressable by 32-bit versions . 

Depending on the version of Windows  that is installed, a 64-bit version of Windows  supports from 1 GB of RAM to more than 128 GB of RAM. The ability to address more physical memory lets Windows  minimize the time that is required to swap processes in and out of physical memory. Therefore, Windows  can manage processes more efficiently. This memory management feature helps improve the overall performance of Windows .

Advantages when you install a 64-bit version of Windows 

• Increased memory support beyond that of the 4-GB addressable memory space that is available in a 32-bit operating system
• Increased program performance for programs that are written to take advantage of a 64-bit operating system
• Enhanced security features

What to consider when you install a 64-bit version of Windows 

• 64-bit device drivers may not be available for one or more devices in the computer.
• Device drivers must be digitally signed.
• 32-bit device drivers are not supported.
• 32-bit programs may not be fully compatible with a 64-bit operating system.
• It may be difficult to locate programs that are written specifically for a 64-bit operating system.
• Not all hardware devices may be compatible with a 64-bit version of Windows .

I hope that answers your questions Nikhil. 

difference between 32 bit and 64 bit windows7

Can anybody tell what is the difference between 32 bit and 64 bit windows 7?

how can i find that windows in my pc is 32 bit or 64 bit ???